🔹 Project Overview

Traffic congestion often delays ambulances, fire trucks, and police vehicles. In this project, we design a smart traffic signal that detects an approaching emergency vehicle and automatically turns its lane green, clearing the way.

🔹 Working Principle

1. Emergency vehicle carries an RFID tag (or uses GPS/LoRa/Bluetooth module).

2. At intersections, RFID/GPS receivers are installed near the traffic lights.

3. When the system detects the emergency vehicle’s signal → it overrides the normal traffic sequence.

4. Traffic light turns green on that lane and red on others until the vehicle passes.

5. After clearance, the system returns to normal operation.

🔹 Components Required

• Arduino Uno / Mega – microcontroller to control lights

• RFID reader (RC522) + RFID tag – for emergency vehicle identification
  (Alternative: LoRa / Bluetooth HC-05 / GPS module if you want wireless detection)

• Traffic Light LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green) – 3 LEDs per lane

• Buzzer – optional, to alert nearby drivers

• Relay Module – if controlling real signal lights

• Power Supply (5V or 12V)

• Jumper wires + Breadboard

🔹 Block Diagram

🚑 Emergency Vehicle → (RFID/GPS/Bluetooth) → Receiver near signal → Arduino → Traffic Lights

🔹 Arduino Logic (Simplified Flow)

1. Default mode: Traffic lights follow a timed sequence (Red → Green → Yellow).

2. Emergency detected: Override timer → turn green for emergency lane, red for others.

3. After vehicle passes: Resume normal cycle.

🔹 Real-Life Applications

✅ Reduces ambulance response time
✅ Helps fire trucks & police reach destinations faster
✅ Can be scaled for Smart City traffic management
✅ Integrates with IoT for centralized traffic monitoring

⚡ This project is scalable — you can start with Arduino + RFID + LEDs (prototype) and later expand with LoRa/GPS + real traffic light controllers.